Ah, the home-buying process. It feels as if someone scooped you up
and dropped you in a country where you don't speak the language. From
your real estate agent to the lender, a lot of what you'll hear may
sound like gibberish. Busy real estate professionals who use the
acronyms and foreign-sounding terms on a daily basis forget that
consumers typically have no idea what they're talking about.
Let's start with the basics: What is a mortgage?
Mortgage is a word that has been in the English language since the
late 1300s and comes from the French "mort," which means "dead," and
"gage," meaning "pledge." Therefore, a mortgage, in the true sense of
the meaning of the word, means that the security pledged to the
mortgagee for the debt will be taken from him if he fails to pay the
debt, and will therefore be "dead to him upon condition." If, on the
other hand, the mortgagee fulfills the obligation to pay the debt, the
pledge is dead. Either way, something dies.
A dictionary definition is much simpler and tells us that a
mortgage
is a "temporary, conditional pledge of property to a creditor as
security for performance of an obligation or repayment of a debt."
The Players
It may feel as if you need a program to keep track of all the folks
who play a part in your mortgage drama, especially if this is your first
experience with this type of loan. Let's take a look at just who these
players are and what their roles are.
Mortgagee
More commonly known as "the lender," the mortgagee is the lending institution that provides the mortgage.
Mortgagor
The mortgagor is more commonly known as the borrower or debtor - the person who receives the mortgage loan.
Mortgage Broker
A mortgage broker is a person
who acts as the middleman, brokering loans on behalf of borrowers. Like a
travel agent, the mortgage broker is an intermediary who shops a number
of lending institutions, pledging to obtain the best rates and terms
for the borrower.
Loan Officer
If you don't use a mortgage
broker, but deal directly with the lender, the loan officer is generally
the first person you'll meet. She is the person who will help you
obtain a loan preapproval and compile all the documents you will need to
obtain a mortgage. This person is the lender's point of contact for
you, your real estate agent, and the other folks involved in your home
purchase.
Loan Processor
After you fill out all the
paperwork, the loan officer sends it to the loan processor who then
follows your mortgage from preapproval to closing. He checks all your
information for accuracy and verifies your credit and income. He then
inputs your information into their in-house system, and packages
everything for the underwriter.
Underwriter
The underwriter is the one you
would wine and dine if you knew who she was. She is the person who
determines the lender's risk in lending to you. She'll analyze your
income to determine if you can pay for the loan. She will look at your
payment history to figure out if you're the type of person who meets his
financial obligations. Finally, the underwriter will evaluate the home
you want to purchase to ensure that it's worth the amount you are
borrowing.
Appraiser
The appraiser is the underwriter's
tool to determine how much the house is worth. All lenders subcontract
or employ licensed appraisers who use a number of methods to determine
the home's market value.
Escrow Company
The escrow company's primary
duty is to receive and disburse funds based on what is mandated in the
contract. Escrow companies are independent third parties and can do
nothing unless both parties to the transaction are in agreement.
Title Company
Title companies check the chain
of title on the home. This is a list of everyone who has ever owned the
home - the historical transfers of title. The title officer checks to
ensure that the person who is selling the home actually owns it and
whether or not there are liens on the property. The title company also
orders the survey and reviews it for any problems, verifies that
property taxes and HOA fees have been paid, and prepares the title
insurance policy.
Now that you're familiar with the players, let's take a look at some
of the more common mortgage terms you may hear during your home
purchase.
The Loan
Amortization - The amount of time you hold the loan, amortization is sometimes called the repayment period.
Principal - The amount you originally borrow.
PITI - An acronym for principal, interest, taxes and insurance. This is your monthly mortgage payment.
The Disclosures
Good Faith Estimate - Also known as the GFE, the
"good faith estimate" is a form that the lender is required to provide
to borrowers. It itemizes all of the loan fees and miscellaneous charges
to make it easier for the borrower to compare different lenders'
offers.
HUD-1 Settlement Statement - An itemized list of
services and fees charged to the borrower by the lender. By law, the
borrower is given at least 24 hours before closing to inspect the HUD-1.
The Fees
Closing Costs - Expenses incurred in financing the home. Closing costs vary and some are negotiable.
Point - What the lender charges for originating the loan. One point equals 1 percent of the loan amount.
Escrow Impounds - You will be asked to prepay taxes
and insurance when escrow closes. This money goes into an escrow account
and is used to ensure the timely payment of these bills. The lender may
require up to two months of payments to be impounded.
Private Mortgage Insurance - Called PMI for short,
this is an insurance policy that the borrower pays for, but it benefits
the lender in the event the borrower defaults on the loan. Lenders
typically require PMI when the loan-to-value ratio exceeds 80 percent.
Questions?
Have additional questions regarding your home sale or purchase? Please call Inside Realty anytime at 248-758-0022!
We are experts, here to help guide you through the home buying process.